Animal Farm’s Totalitarian Leader Essay

Animal Farm’s leader, Napoleon, has all the power. He is able to build up and hold onto that power as a totalitarian leader, which is a central government that controls over all aspect of life. Napoleon did many different things to get to that power and hold onto it. Napoleon first took charge after the rebellion against Mr. Jones. He and Snowball, who was the other smart pig on the farm, wrote the seven commandments. The other animals don’t know how to read, so Snowball needed to read it to them. â€Å"Never mind the milk, comrades!† cried Napoleon.(Orwell 44). â€Å"So the animals marched down to the hayfield to begin harvest, and when they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared.†(44) † So the animals trooped down to the hayfield to begin the harvest, and when they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared.†(44) â€Å"Comrades!† he cried. â€Å"You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? Many of us actually dislike milk and apples. I dislike them myself. Our sole object in taking these things is to preserve our health. Milk and apples (this has been proved by Science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig. We pigs are brainworkers. The whole management and organization of this farm depend on us. Day and night we are watching over your welfare. It is for YOUR sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back! Yes, Jones would come back!†(52). Napoleon and Snowball sent squealer to strike the animals with fear that Jones might return, and stole the apple and milk from them because they â€Å"require it†. Napoleon took care of everyone who was a threat to him.† At this there was a terrible baying sound outside, and nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. They dashed straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place just in time to escape their snapping jaws.† (66) Napoleon got rid of Snowball because he was a threat to his power. Snowball was in favor of helping the farm, but Napoleon just wanted to get the power for himself.† To the amazement of everybody, three of them flung themselves upon Boxer. Boxer saw them coming and put out his great hoof, caught a dog in mid-air, and pinned him to the ground. The dog shrieked for mercy and the other two fled with their tails between their legs. Boxer looked at Napoleon to know whether he should crush the dog to death or let it go. Napoleon appeared to change countenance and sharply ordered Boxer to let the dog go, whereat Boxer lifted his hoof, and the dog slunk away, bruised and howling.†(92) Napoleon tried to get Boxer killed but Boxer did not realize that, that’s why Napoleon countenance. Napoleon tried to get Boxer killed because everyone looked up to him, and he was loyal to Napoleon. † ‘Alfred Simmonds, Horse Slaughterer and Glue Boiler, Willingdon. Dealer in Hides and Bone-Meal. Kennels Supplied.’ Do you not understand what that means? They are taking Boxer to the knacker’s!†(123).Everyone thought Napoleon was sending Boxer to the hospital, but really they were going to kill him. Napoleon tried keeping all of the animals dumb so it can be easier to take advantage of them. â€Å"It was the most affecting sight I have ever seen!† said Squealer, lifting his trotter and wiping away a tear. â€Å"I was at his bedside at the very last. And at the end, almost too weak to speak, he whispered in my ear that his sole sorrow was to have passed on before the windmill was finished. ‘Forward, comrades!’ he whispered. â€Å"Forward in the name of the Rebellion.† Long live Animal Farm! Long live Comrade Napoleon! Napoleon is always right. †Those were his very last words, comrades.† Here Squealer’s demeanor suddenly changed. He fell silent for a moment, and his little eyes darted suspicious glances from side to side before he proceeded.†(125) Squealer easily lied to them about them taking Napoleon to the hospital. Napoleon changed the Seven Commandments without the animals knowing, because they were working too much to have time to read. The original Commandments were:†1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. 2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. 3. No animal shall wear clothes. 4. No animal shall sleep in a bed. 5. No animal shall drink alcohol. 6. No animal shall kill any other animal. 7. All animals are equal. â€Å"(43) In the end, Napoleon took them all out and left only one; Four legs good, Two legs better. Napoleon used many different techniques to build up and hold onto the power he has over Animal Farm. He kept the animals dumb, got rid of his threats and changed the commandments.

The Exxon Valdez 1989 Oil Spill

This summary will briefly discuss three topics: a) the oil spill, b) the environmental damage and clean up, and c) the insurance coverage settlements. This paper will then focus on the insurance coverage settlements. Afterwards, it will provide an analysis on the effectiveness of the dispute resolution process. The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill of 1989 was one of the largest manmade environmental disasters (Rodgers et al, 2005, p. 136). It occurred in U. S. waters at Prince William Sound, Alaska in March 1989 (Rodgers et al, 2005, p. 136).The oil tanker, Exxon Valdez, struck a reef and discharged an estimated 10. 8 million gallons of oil according to Exxon estimates but other sources indicate that it is around 30 million gallons (Rodgers et al, 2005, p. 136). The oil belonged to Exxon Corporation while the tanker belonged to Exxon Shipping, its subsidiary (Holman, Fenwick & Willan, 2004, p. 1). The environmental damage caused by the oil spill and the subsequent clean up of the spill and its contaminants became the subject of numerous litigations (Rodgers et al, 2005).Environmental damage claims and settlements ran into several billion U. S. dollars (Rodgers et al, 2005, p. 149-88). Oil spill clean up expenses likewise ran into several billion U. S. dollars (Holman, Fenwick & Willan, 2004, p. 2). In this regard, due to the huge volume of lawsuits, the complexity of the case or cases, the wide coverage of the disaster, and the disaster’s far-reaching implications among other considerations, Exxon Corporation undertook a wide variety of legal strategies. One of those strategies involved alternative dispute resolution through settlements for insurance coverage disputes.The Exxon insurance coverage disputes are complex (Covington & Burling LLP, 2007). One point of consideration is that Exxon’s primary insurers are reinsured with Lloyd’s London (Holman, Fenwick & Willan, 2004, p. 2). This complicates the disputes since Exxon is an American company while its underwriters are international business entities. Hence, the dispute involved significant activities in many locations: Texas, New York, London, Oslo, Alaska and other places (Covington & Burling LLP, 2007).As such, issues on jurisdiction and applicability of laws whether English law or New York law should be applied made litigations costly and long. Covington & Burling LLP represented Exxon from 1991 to 1997 in â€Å"its hotly contested, multi-forum claims for coverage of losses arising out of the grounding of the Valdez† (Covington & Burling LLP, 2007). In early 1997, these disputes ended after Exxon and the Lloyd’s consortium of international underwriters and various Scandinavian companies settled for $780 million (Treaster, 1996; Covington & Burling LLP, 2007).Covington & Burling LLP (2007) best describes the legal complexity of these disputes, to quote: The Exxon claims arose out of the company's Global Corporate Excess package of policies for 1988-89, which was characterized by high limits and high retentions. Exxon claimed coverage under various sections of the package, including the first-party property section's cover for removal of debris, the marine liability section's cover for cargo-owner pollution losses, and the general liability section's cover for pollution clean-up costs.Meanwhile, the Covington & Burling LLP strategy involved: a) â€Å"a non-binding ADR procedure moderated by a London-based barrister before any litigation commenced;† b) â€Å"a Texas lawsuit filed by Exxon that the underwriters unsuccessfully sought three times to remove and that resulted in a jury verdict for Exxon on one of its three claims;† c) â€Å"an arbitration proceeding in New York;† d) â€Å"a federal declaratory judgment action in New York that the underwriters struggled to keep alive despite a dismissal and multiple trips to the Second Circuit and the Supreme Court on jurisdictional issues;† and finally,e) â€Å"two settlements — one for $300 million before the Texas verdict and one for $480 million while the Texas verdict was on appeal and just before the arbitration hearing was to commence† (2007). Many forms of alternative dispute resolutions or ADR can be made. Balmer (n. d. ) notes that several types of ADR can in fact be customized as can be seen from the Exxon insurance settlements. Some of these customized ADRs can range â€Å"from non-assisted discussions through mediation, neutral fact finders, case exposure such as mini-trials, arbitration both binding and non-binding, and limited issue litigation† (Balmer). Exxon already spent some U. S. $ 2. 5 Billion in damage claims as a result of the oil spill (Rodgers et al, 2005).Without ADR, it would have been unable to recover some $780 million from its insurance coverage (Treaster, 1996) while Exxon’s insurance disputes could have been unnecessarily protracted. For this incident, Exxon employed litigation but was always open to the many forms of alternative dispute resolution. For instance, Exxon used mediation through a non-binding ADR procedure moderated by a London-based barrister before any litigation commenced (Covington & Burling LLP, 2007). Technically, mediation involves a neutral third party who helps in hammering out a resolution (Balmer). In another instance, Exxon employed arbitration proceedings. Balmer describes arbitration as â€Å"getting a neutral party or panel to reach a decision on facts, law or both.† Most importantly, Exxon often used settlements.

An Analysis of Araby in James Joyces Dubliners :: Joyce Dubliners Araby Essays

There are many statements in the story "Araby" that are both surprising and puzzling.   The statement that perhaps gives us the most insight into the narrator's thoughts and feelings is found at the end of the story.   "Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger. (32)"   By breaking this statement into small pieces and key words, we can see it as a summation of the story's major themes.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At this point in the story, many emotions are swirling about in the narrator's head.   His trip to the bazaar has been largely unsuccessful.   He was late arriving, was unable to find a gift for Mangan's sister, felt scorned by the merchants, and suddenly found himself in a dark room.   These surroundings left him feeling both derided, and with a sense that this eagerly anticipated trip had been in vain.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many other situations caused him to feel driven and derided by vanity.   His reflections of the "charitable" life of the priest who occupied the narrator's house before the narrator make us wonder if the priest led a life of vanity.   His early obsession with Mangan's sister now seems in vain.   "I had never spoken to her ... and yet her name was like a summons to my foolish blood. (4)"   He feels ashamed and ridiculed by his earlier inability to communicate with Mangan's sister.   He sees how distracted he was by his anticipation of the bazaar.   He recalls that he " had hardly any patience with the serious work of life. (12)"   The narrator is embarrassed by the time he had wasted, and the ease with which he became distracted.   The near total worthlessness of the bazaar at the time the narrator arrives is an extreme example of vanity.   Not only does the narrator feel ridiculed by the vanity involved in this situation, he also feels driven by it.   The simple conversation he carries on with Mangan's sister regarding the bazaar drives him to direct all his thoughts toward the glory that will be the bazaar.   A sort of irony can be found in the fact that something that he devoted all his "waking and sleeping thoughts"

Effect of Colour on Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Effect of Colour on Advertising - Essay Example This essay "Effect of Colour on Advertising" outlines the usage of colors in different commercials and how it works. Also, it describes what a particular colour means. What colours have you chosen to use as marketing resources? What were the reasons for choosing the particular? Was it for the reason that you liked those certain colours, or did you have a certain marketing message that you wanted to pass on? Whereas visual application is a significant consideration, your colour choices might be giving a precise message to the market which you wish to target. Are you sure you recognize what kind of message it is that you want the viewer to get? You'd be sensible to consider o the subject of the psychology of colour when mapping out your marketing plan. Be it business card, catalogue or other marketing material, you'll have to choose colours for it. Colours not only improve the look of the item -- they also manipulate our behaviour. The colours that are chosen should reflect the interes t of your target population. Pepsi uses the blue colour to symbolize your as Pepsi is knows as the choice of the next generation. IBM’s blue colour reflects its target market’s electrifying personality, as they are most them are corporate clients. Market researchers have found out that impulsive shopper buy more dark colours, while traditional shopper prefer colours like light blue, so here it can be said that Pepsi adheres by this research and uses a tranquilizing blue colour, which is like by both, the impulsive shopper as well as the traditional one.

Introduction the Playstation Network being hacked Essay

Introduction the Playstation Network being hacked - Essay Example Most worrying about hackers is that once they hack into sensitive information, they compromise the functionality of the hacked system hence putting the affected business into jeopardy. Associated with computer crime include spamming, theft, terrorism, pornography, fraud among other malicious acts. One of the historical computer crimes targeted Sony’s PlayStation Network. PlayStation Network (PSN) is and internet based multiplayer gaming console provided by Sony Corporation. The network provides a platform in which game players across the world interact through media delivery. PSN members have to register and provide other personal information such as credit card numbers, date of birth, passwords, addresses, among other sensitive information. Therefore, a breach of network security in Sony’s PSN console means that essentially sensitive information get into malicious hands. On April 2011, it was reported that information belonging to almost 80 million PSN users was expose d following a hack. During this incident people were unable to use their services such as Qriocity, Netflix, or Hulu. They also couldn’t get onto the Internet and play games online which is the main feature of the PlayStation. Considering the adverse effects of hacking on online based businesses, this paper will zero in on discussing the hacking of Sony’s PSN. Among the different issues to be discussed include the possible ways in which the PSN was hacked. More specifically, the paper will discuss how Sony Corporation handled the hacking issue including identifying the breach, system downtime, compensation to the users, action taken against the hacker. Lastly, the paper will discuss the technical actions taken by Sony to ensure that such a breach does not take place in the

Culinary history of Georgia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Culinary history of Georgia - Essay Example a Christian nation, Georgia has historically looked more often to the West-so much so that the capital city of Tiflis (Tbilisi) was once known as the Paris of the Caucasus. Lying athwart the major trade routes between East and West, Tiflis maintained a grand caravanserai where merchants could stable their animals, store their wares, and themselves find shelter. Thanks to its agriculture riches and long tradition of hospitality, Georgia was an object of desire for many outsiders, not all of whom were good guests. (â€Å"A Culinary Crossroads† 11) Georgian cuisine is not only influenced by Middle Eastern and European but it also influenced different neighboring and invading nations. According to Plotkin and Gregory, Georgia and Armenia contributed to the Russian cuisine, for instance, chickpeas and pine nuts including dishes such as grilled lamb shashlyk, stuffed grapes leave dolmas and nut pastry, baklava (13). The Georgians date the beginnings of their culture to the sixth century BCE.The ancient Greeks established colonies along the Blank Sea coast in a region they called Colchis.In 66 BCE, when the Roman general Pompey invaded and brought the area under Roman rule, Greek control came to an end, but the outposts in Colchis remained important links in the trade route to Persia†¦By the early Middle Ages Tiflis had become a major stopover on the medieval trade routes, a midpoint between Moslem East and Christian West. (Goldstein â€Å"A Culinary Crossroads† 11) Until nineteenth century, there was no concept of tea in Georgia; it became a major crop in Russian era. It is quite a recent phenomenon as there are no tea consumption traces in history. Georgians prefer Turkish coffee over tea and cups of strong coffee with a glass of cold water are a common sight in cafes (Goldstein â€Å"The Georgian Feast† 6). Tbilisi itself founded in the fifth century when, according to legend, King Vakhtang Gorgaslani, on a hunt near the Kura River, killed a pheasant, which he

Entrance to High school should not be automatic Essay

Entrance to High school should not be automatic - Essay Example It is in High School where teenagers begin shaping their minds with a clear focus of what they want to be in life. Students experience more independence as seen in their choice of elective subjects. High School plays a key role in shaping Self-esteem and Self-Efficacy, which are indispensable skills in the search and attainment of opportunities in the society (Iversen, J. 2006). However, not all students enrolled for High School become a success. There are innumerable cases of gangster groups formed in High School. A study also shows that most narcotics users began practicing the same while in High School and moreover, the number of High School dropouts keeps increasing daily. Jago (2000) ascribes the enrollment of ill-equipped and lazy students as the main cause of failure and indiscipline among high school students. Most 9th graders soon find themselves in a new, dynamic environment. If the elementary program did not prepare them for the environment, catching up is a race against t ime. Many of those who cannot measure up for this â€Å"play the fool and cover up for what they do not know.† However, it is also true that most of these students develop laziness after they join high school and not before it. A student who comes from a background of strict observation will relent from his duties in the absence of the observer. Again, most private schools base their enrollment on a competitive application and interview process, leaving the applicants to wait nervously for an opportunity in these schools. This means that the school administration is aware of both the weaknesses and strengths of their young students before they join the school. It also implies that private schools enroll a group of students who can learn and grow sufficiently in them. This is not so in Public Schools, where one only needs to have the grades to qualify for the school. However, Automatic enrollment in High Schools brings about a diversity of behavioral patterns, making the schoo ls more dynamic and challenging than private schools. Automatic admission also means that the chances of a student attending his school of choice are 1 out of 12. The process of admission requires that an applicant identifies 12 schools, and the schools' board selects the most suitable school for them. The criteria for selecting the school range from geographical location to the capacity for specialized programs (Jago, 2000). The implication of these is a roaming mindset that there is no need to work hard in elementary school since a place is assured, no matter what. Hence, to enroll the appropriate in every school, we may consider introducing a more intensive selection process. Jago (2000) also identifies students who are genuinely not interested in High School. She states that their lack of interest in high school education contributes significantly to the D's and F's observed throughout their 4 years. She proposes an alternative 2 year program where these students join apprentice ship before High School. In such a scenario, those interested in High School will work hard to qualify while those not interested will find an alternative program, instead of going through the four years as failures. Reflecting on this debate, a decisive response to several questions can be drawn accordingly. 1. The arguments against â€Å"Automatic Enrollment to High School† are inexhaustible thus; this is the explanation many

Dietary(Nutritional) recommendations for Hypertension (High Blood Essay

Dietary(Nutritional) recommendations for Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) - Essay Example When anti-hypertensive drugs are taken with high-salt foods, negative food-drug interactions result. In order to avoid the resulting hypertensive crisis, diet changes are required from â€Å"high carbohydrates/low protein to low carbohydrate/high protein† (Bushra, Aslam & Khan 2011). Propranolol is an anti-hypertensive drug and its serum level can be increased by taking foods rich in protein like fish. For those who cannot eat fish, omega-3 fish oil supplements are available too. But, more than 3mg of fish oil supplements daily is disadvantageous (Smith 2013). Also, orange juice should be avoided when taking medication because Hesperidin in the juice prevents drug absorption causing most of the drug to be excreted. It is recommended, therefore, to taken anti-hypertensive medicines on an empty stomach. It is suggested regarding supplements that calcium can increase the risk of hypertension and even precipitate heart attacks when taken without vitamin D (Brody 2013). The most be neficial thing for health is good diet and not supplements. Brody, JE 2013, ‘Thinking Twice About Calcium Supplements’, The New York Times, viewed 11 May 2014, Smith, MW 2013, ‘Omega-3 Fish Oil Supplements for High Blood Pressure’, viewed 11 May 2014,

Persuasive paper rough draft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Persuasive paper rough draft - Essay Example Hybrid cars are still in the experimental stage, meaning there are numerous different models and types to choose from. While some hybrids do not seem to meet the needs of consumers, offering too many negative attributes to offset the positives, plug-in hybrid cars should be considered a good alternative to partially meet the country’s future energy needs. Plug-in hybrid cars are essentially what they would seem to be; they plug into a normal electric circuit and charge from the same electrical source found in a typical home. Research shows that most U.S. drivers travel, on average, less than 25 miles per day, which is a range easily reached by the plug-in hybrid vehicle enabling people to get to work at a fuel rate much lower than that of today’s current gasoline prices (Sanna, 2005). This switch would also mean a significant reduction of CO2 emissions and reduces the nation’s need for non-renewable natural resources. While this does classify it as an electric vehicle, the plug-in hybrid has an additional feature that makes it feasible even for long-distance use. The plug-in hybrids, not intended to run on electricity alone, also carry a liquid fuel tank and combustion engine, which enables owners to fill up when the battery runs dry and continue driving for as long and as far as they wish, all while recharging the elec tric battery. â€Å"The hybrid electric vehicle is a move in the right direction. Its battery/electric motor combination provides the quick starts, so when the vehicle is standing still, the gas engine can be shut off automatically to prevent idling and conserve fuel. In fact, the hybrid can achieve an increase in fuel efficiency of roughly 30 percent. The battery also boosts the performance of the [internal combustion engine] at takeoff and for passing† (Sanna, 2005). As the combustion engine is running and during the process of braking, the battery becomes charged by the

Motivation Concepts in Criminl Justice Communities Research Paper

Motivation Concepts in Criminl Justice Communities - Research Paper Example As a result, managers should be aware that one of their main functions at the workplace is to motivate workers for them to be able to increase their efficiency and efforts towards the accomplishment of organizational goals. Despite the benefits of motivation in the workplace, motivating workers have never been easy to some organizations. This is attributed to the fact that not all employees are motivated by the same factors. For instance, one employee can be motivated by simply increasing the benefits to workers while others will require more things to be done such as offering job securities. Therefore, managers should understand well what motivates his or her workers and employ the right tools for the success of an organization. Significance of motivation at workplace Motivation plays a big role at the workplace. Gail (2010) notes that for an organization to accomplish its objectives and meet its short and long-term objectives, then workers must be motivated. This is because a motiv ated employee works hard towards the attainment of the organization’s objective, which is very important. In addition, motivation increases an employee’s efficiency and productivity, which is important for an organization’s overall performance (Gail, 2010). ... A happy employee will certainly work hard thereby ensuring organizational goals are achieved. It also reduces instances of absenteeism at the workplace that may affect the company. Research indicates that most companies that perform well have high levels of motivations their workers. In addition, motivation reduces labor turnover within an organization because it makes employees feel comfortable working for the organization. This is because motivation makes employees feel attached to the organization they work for (Mork, 2010). Further, motivation reduces incidences of labor unrest among employees. Research has established that organizations, which motivate their workers, do not experience labor unrest among its employees, which is certainly very important since this help build the reputation of an organization. Motivation is also important because it defines whether an organization will be successful or fail. This is because a demoralized employee may not see the need to working tow ards achievement of organizational goals, which will certainly result in low productivity or labor unrest. Therefore, managers should strive to ensure that workers are motivated all the time for greater productivity and success (Mork, 2010). Workplace motivation techniques Managers can use a variety of techniques to motivate their workers. Recognition is one of the tolls that can be used by managers to motivate workers (Ray, 2010). Recognition here refers to acknowledging a job well done by an employee. In fact, it cost absolutely nothing to recognize an employee. However, an employee who feels appreciated will be motivated to work extra hard towards achievement of organizational objectives. Secondly, employees can also be motivated by offering promotion and leadership opportunities.

History of Western Art Essay Example for Free

History of Western Art Essay It entered into the register in 1593 and was there for a period of 47 years. Venus is the goddess of love, while Adonis is a handsome mortal. The woman image (Venus) is seen, assisted by a small child, trying to restrain Adonis from setting off. The woman is naked while the man is in a hunter’s attire. Some hunting dogs are also seen by the man’s side. This painting shows only a small part of Adonis and Venus. The artist focused only on the two characters; Venus wanting Adonis’ embrace but Adonis is refusing and this is clear in the painting. It can also be seen that behind her, there are some flowers and a small thicket. In this painting the artist has tried to use the least poses or none at all. This makes it unique from most other paintings. Another ingredient of the uniqueness of this painting is that the artist has fairly restricted the gestures belonging to the two hovering figures. He has actually used calmness in such a situation that is so emotional. Le Dejeuner sur l’Herbe (1863) This was first presented to the salon in 1863. There is minimum use of lines. A naked woman with two men seated together in an absurd manner. At the background is another image of a woman slightly bending and appears to be bathing and facing the two men and the woman. The background is also dark as compared to the foreground. In fact, the woman looks brighter than anything else. The naked woman has her clothes spread all over with some food stuff in a basket at the lower side end, while one of her legs is stretched towards one of the men’s own space. How these two men are seated suggests that they have no business to do with the woman and they seem to be communicating with each other. Being ignored, this woman chooses to just look at the viewer shamelessly. On the other hand, the two men are in attire which is actually decent and it probably was fashionable during this period. And contours here have not been used; the artist has utilized light and paint. It is evident that a viewer’s emotional response will be determined by the image of the naked woman and at the first glance, will be left wondering about the situation that these two men are in; nicely dressed men sitting next to a blatant woman who has not even a single piece of a covering on her body, in fact on an open. Grande Odalisque by Ingres Created in 1814, it fit into the romanticism of between 1750 and 1850. It was fist shown in salon in 1819. It again has an image of a naked woman lying in something like a sofa and also posed in an unhurried manner. She has a small head, looking at the viewer, and a stretched out arms and legs. She has only shown her back and small part of her breast in the ingress painting; it is polished smoothly on the surface and has simple contours drawn round in a rhythmic manner. The eventful material by the woman’s side complements the smooth body planes. The painter seems to be bringing out a relationship between colors and tone in a way that it is hard for one to forget. During this period, the concubines had a duty of merely satisfying sultan’s bodily pleasures. For this purpose, the artist has symbolically elongated the area around her pelvis. Furthermore, the way this woman has posed and her position in relation to her pelvis is an illustration of how deep and complex the emotions and the thoughts of the woman are. The romantic founders cast-off some common approaches and looked for freedom of expression through their art work. By doing this, they concentrated much on freedom in self-expression, mantic love, individualism, and adventure. Another dominant concept they used is the inspirational idea of dealing with pain, terror, power and darkness. This, of course, is not difficult for humans. Hence romantic artists have engaged a variety of styles and ways in their work even in neglecting the strict academia. This is displayed by Ingress in his Grande Odalisque work. From the above, it can be seen that the three images differ in some way. First, how the paintings are done differs from one another. For instance, while we are have wide use of lines and contours in Grande Odalisque, minimal of these features are employed in the Le Dejeuner sur l’Herbe. another. The difference is that, the images were produced at different times and hence their themes are also different and each has a theme that is in line with the period it was created. Thirdly, we have different artists for the different images and as such since every artist has a different taste from another, definitely their work will be different. In as much as these differences exist, there are also similarities between these images. It is clear in all images that romance has been the major, or one of the major, themes and in every case the main character is a woman. Another major similarity is the nudeness of the women in every image. With all these, I still disagree that these nudes were consistent with the general trends of the period. This is because at some instances, the nudes behaved in a very awkward manner such as staying completely naked in public, and leaving the viewer questioning their moral standards. The difference is as a result of the fact that the artists have different ways of symbolizing events ant ideas and, as said earlier, they have different tastes. The similarity is as a result of the fact that each of the artists wants to divert from the tradition of the academic style and wants to embrace freedom. Every artist in these three images has shown the woman to be the major character and a suitable object of bringing out the real feeling of what each of them wants to communicate. Nudeness was actually such an enduring subject in western art because every one of the images tries to bring out a theme in the best way possible and every artist did not want to be left behind and subject of the nudes had to be considered by them. References Calley G. K. , (2000). Romanticism. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Managing Diversity Essay Example for Free

Managing Diversity Essay 1. Put forward a business case for taking a managing diversity approach at Hinchliffe Cards. Britain now has one of the most diverse workforces in the world, consisting of a wide range of religions and ethnic backgrounds. However, diversity is not just acknowledged in terms of religious and ethnic origin. It can refer to political beliefs, age, sexual orientation, nationality, colour, etc. Therefore, it is absolutely paramount that diversity is managed effectively in parallel with Britain s rapidly changing social society. The need to manage diversity is even greater after the events of 9/11 as the worlds societies have become more politically charged and involved than ever before. Attached to diversity is the concept of equality from which any contentious questions arise. One such issue is the extent to which UK organisations are fair when it comes to offering equality of opportunity to minority groups in employment. There is a wide range of elements involved in managing diversity including legislative considerations, the handling of equal opportunity issues, as well as the aims of making managing diversity work for organisations. The traditional approach has focused on using the legislation driven equal opportunities route in tacking issues of diversity, and the broad aims of managing diversity are similar to that of equal opportunities, but managing diversity has a more internal focus. Many of these aims are bound up with the various legislation that outlaws discrimination on the grounds of sex, pay, race, disability and criminal record: * Sex Discrmination Act 1975 and 1976. * Equal Pay Act (Amended) 1983. * Race Relations Act 1976 (Amended 2000). * Disability Discrimination Act 1995. * Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974. So why should organisations make the most employee diversity? Well, as mentioned previously, the make-up of our society is changing, and businesses must reflect this change. Wheatley, (p, 30, 2000) highlights three important trends that exist and are continuing to develop further. Firstly, the UK population is ageing fast. In 2000, there were 1.5M fewer 16-25 year olds entering employment than in 1987. Secondly, ethnic minority groups made up 5.5% of the total UK population at the time of the 1991 census. Thirdly, women now are a large and significant proportion of the UK workforce. Generally, the management of equal opportunity issues involves a social responsibility on the part of the individual organisation, objective consideration when taking selection decisions, develop a reputation for managing diversity, creating a more healthy business environment including high staff morale. Managing diversity also holds huge significance for business growth. Managing diversity also entails issues of organisational culture that refer to an organisations norms, values and beliefs. A diverse organisation in which there is a broad mix of people will add to the social dimension of the organisation and help to reduce the under-representation experienced by minority groups. Managing diversity is an internally driven proactive mechanism that acknowledges the interests of these groups. Moreover, at a strategic level, managing diversity involves: * Board level participation, responsibility and accountability on diversity issues; * Links to all business plans and benefits at all levels; * Employee ownership of diversity objectives; * Commitment of resources for training and research; * A proactive diversity approach to recruitment, marketing and supplier selection; * The building of diversity issues into recruitment, performance and reward systems. Source: Wheatley, (p. 32, 2000) Managing diversity focuses on the individual as opposed to Equal Opportunity (EO) that focuses on treating individuals as groups. Managing diversity (MD) goes beyond the EO perspective. It acknowledges differences in a more positive light. It does this by intending to proliferate staff performance, generating greater flexibility in the workforce and working practices as well as making organisations more equitable. It endeavours to use the differences to the benefit of the organisation. As stated by kandolla and Fullerton, the concept of managing diversity is founded on the premise that harnessing these differences will create a productive environment in which everyone will feel valued, where there talents are fully valued, where there talents are fully utilised, and in which organisational goals are met1. Whilst EO is legally driven, and subject to the achievement of the performance target, MD seeks to accommodate diverse interests. MD will also enable organisations to become a good corporate citizen, by ensuring that the workforce reflects the (local) population. Moreover, having a diverse workforce will help organisations explore new markets or client groups as MD adds to the social dimension of the organisation. This is particularly relevant after the events of 9/11, which require good understanding of race and cultural issues. In a business sense, it is important to have a workforce that understands diverse cultural backgrounds, especially as businesses become more internationalised. As stated above, MD uses individual differences and recognises them as strengths and talents, which help to dismantle barriers which otherwise prevent them from doing so. MD also brings with it in-built proactive measures such as maternity leave, flexible working patterns etc By doing so, organisations can improve their efforts in meeting their customers needs and increase their organisations profile. Under MD, people are acknowledged as the nucleus the organisation, and organisations can benefit from the following: * MD recognises that female managers have distinct managerial styles and abilities; * Mature workers can offer organisations increased reliability, stability, quality, experience and overall efficiency; * Members of ethnic groups can provide a rich and cultural experience at work; * Disabled people can offer highly developed problem solving and analytical skills because they operate in an inaccessible environment; * Individuals can feel confident in their abilities and their contribution to the organisation; * MD will add to the creative side of the organisation; * MD views employees as an invaluable asset; * MD recognises the need for n-going training; * Increased emphasis and responsibility to diversity issues; * Better recruitment, retention and performance systems. MD provides a more transparent and proactive method of dealing with employee diversity. This involves a fundamental transformation of the organisations working practices, making it more staff-friendly, re-consider the management structure and introduce more fairer recruitment and retention procedures. MD eliminates barriers to opportunity by recognising differences of individuals as positive strengths that can be used to develop a culture of diversity. Successful companies are those that are able to monitor and meet shifts in social expectations, to control risks and to anticipate market opportunities. Businesses that have the vision and the will to create an enabling environment for diverse parts of the community will prosper. 2. Analyse how the human resources activities might have to be changed at Hinchliffe Cards and make recommendations based on your analysis. The main problem the company is having is managing diversity while the organisation is evolving. The case study highlights many issues, which are fundamentally flawed in creating a more diverse productive organisation. At present 70 % of Hinchliffe Cards workforce is made up of women. There is only one woman manager within the organisation dealing with HRM, which is not a primarily authorative role. These statistics are very worrying when you consider that projections show that in less than ten years time there will be two million more jobs within the economy 80% of which will be filled by women2. In order to meet with theses changes Hinchliffe Cards would have to consider having more women in leadership and decision making positions. Many factors may have led to this lack of women in senior positions, like discrimination due to family commitments, womens lack of confidence, the attitudes of senior executives or even men seeing women as a threat. Nevertheless organisations which fail to utilise the potential of women managers will be commiting economic suicicde'(Davidson, 1991). As women managers come with many potential benefits i.e, participative and caring management styles . Hinchliffe Cards have also started to use casual labour during the spring months to deal with the Christmas demand. Over this period they use 20 casual workers to help operate some of the more sophisticated machines during this period. This is due to the current shortage of skill within the industry. This has been met by much discontent from the full time worker who doesnt believe they have the same pride in their work, which affects its quality and ultimately the workforces bonuses. Hinchliffe cards should really be working trying providing a positive learning environment for all staff. A positive learning environment is one in which the values of the organisation include the expressed and acted on belief that the development of its human capital through effective learning is necessary or achieving a competitive environment. The existence of such a environment depends on the active encouragement and support of top management, the belief by lie managers that learning and development activities pay off, and the extent to which the workforce are motivated to learn The female workers are also complaining about the opportunities open to them within the company, as they have not been trained on the complex machines. They feel left out as these machines offer the highest rewards in terms of bonus. In addition to this they are also concerned about the long hours they are made to work during peak periods, which is seen to interfere with their family life. This shows discrimination towards the female staff in using more complex machinery. This is bad for Hinchliffe cards because taking action on diversity and equality has many benefits for the organisation. According to government research it can lead to better recruitment and retention- followed with better morale and performance. If this discrimination and unfair treatment can be reduced, it can have a knock on effect on grievances and relations in the organisation. This can reduce absenteeism and labour turnover by enhancing employees attachment to the organisation and have a positive effect on labour productivity. Concerns about being able to balance family life with work is also a major problem. The costs for businesses who dont meet these needs can be striking. According to british industry, sickness and absence costs cost employers around à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10 billion a year and 30% of this may be related to stress. In a recent survey, over a fith of women said they would change theyre jobs for more flexible arrangements. Employers may incur additional costs in adopting policies to support work-life balance, including increased managerial worloads. Such costs are however generally outweighed by the gains in achieveing strategic objectives. Hinchliffe have also recently outsourced their work to in home workers to cope with recent demand for handmade products. These workers are mainly women from ethnic groups and the company is experiencing a high rate of labour turnover. Due to this the company is thinking of investing in a team of in house designers employed officially by the firm who can be based in the firms headquarters. However the majority of the women arent interested in this option as they fit theyre work around looking after small children. They believe theyre getting a rough deal from the company as materials are often not delivered on time and theyre has been some talk of covert racism form the company. Senior managers also believe there is position for the company to expand into the EU. The company however would have to be equipped with a workforce with a more diverse range of skills from sales and marketing staff. This would mean being able to speak a different European language and be comfortable dealing with managers from different cultures. The current sales and marketing staff however lack these skills. References 1. Bunderson J S and Sutcliffe K M (2002) Comparing alternative conceptualizations of functional diversity in management teams: process and performance effects, Academy of Management Journal, Oct 1, 2002 v45 i4 p875(19) 2. Caudron, S., (1990) Monsanto responds to diversity, Personnel Journal, 41, 72-80. 3. DNetto B and Sohal A S (1999) Human resource practices and workforce diversity: an empirical assessment, International Journal of Manpower, Volume 20 Number 8 1999 pp. 530-547 4. Jackson, S.E., May, K.E., Whitney, K., 1995, Understanding the dynamics of diversity in decision-making teams, Guzzo, R., Salas, E. and Associates, Team Effectiveness in Decision Making in Organizations, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, 204-61. 5. Jenner L (1994) Diversity management: what does it mean, HR Focus, Jan 1994 v71 n1 p11(1) 6. Kandola R and Fullerton J (1994) Managing the mosaic diversity in action, IPD (1994), p19 7. Morrison, A.M. (1992) The New Leaders: Guidelines on Leadership Diversity in America, Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, CA. 8. Mullins L J (2002) Management and organisational behaviour, 6th edition, Prentice Hall, Essex 9. Personnel Journal (1994) Diverse networking prompts change, Personnel Journal, August 1994 v73 n8 pS20(2) 10. Personnel Journal (1995) Open the corporate closet to sexual orientation issues, Personnel Journal, August 1995 v74 n8 p42(7) 11. Peters T (1993) Video Management revolution and corporate reinvention, BBC for Business. Cited in Mullins (2002). 12. Schreiber, C.T., Price, K.F., Morrison, A., (1993) Workplace diversity and the glass ceiling: practices, barriers, possibilities, Human Resource Planning, 16, 2, 51-69. 13. Soni V (2000) A Twenty-First-Century Reception for Diversity in the Public Sector: A Case Study, Public Administration Review, Sept 2000 v60 i5 p395 14. Zeffane R M and Mayo G (1994) Career Trends and Staffing Strategies in the 1990s, International Journal of Career Management, Volume 06 Number 5 1994 pp. 30-35 1 Armstrong, M. (2003)A handbook of Human Resource Management practice (9th edition). P133 2 www.dti.gov.uk/bestpractice/assets/bdciv.txt

Importance of Electronic Marketing in Business Today

Importance of Electronic Marketing in Business Today MARKETING MIX AND ONLINE MARKETING: Marketing mix, commonly known as the four Ps namely Product, Price, Place and Promotion was first suggested by Jerome McCarthy (1960) and is a vital aspect for establishing and executing the marketing strategies. Let us view in detail the different elements of the marketing mix on the context of online marketing. Product: Online marketing can lead to the improvement of the products in a lot of ways. Online marketing pave the way for the market researchers to evaluate the customers need and the criticism from them can be used to change the existing products and develop new products. Tescos online shopping website records the repeated purchases of the customers, which they use later on to provide a customized list for fast purchasing. It also facilitates a chance to customize the products as per the consumers wants like www.nike.com who offers customized instructors just for clients. Price: This refers to the pricing policies of an organization which are adopted to determine the price for a product or service (Chaffey 2003). Baker et al. (2000) discovered two habits that have been used by the manufacturers while marketing their products online namely; Setting up a low price for the products by beginners. Following the existing price in the internet by the current companies. A benefit of usage of internet is that it helps to minimize the costs on search that shoppers would have to bear while searching for information about new products and services. It also makes the shopping more active as the famous auction site www.ebay.com which makes the users to bid the price for the products. Online marketing makes the transaction more transparent making it almost impossible for the suppliers to manipulate on cost. The customers can also view sites to know the best deals for a particular product like www.shopmart.com, www.easyshop.com etc. Place: The place element in marketing mix explains the way a product is distributed to its end consumer. Allen and Fjermestad (2001) say that the biggest implication created by the internet in the marketing mix is for the place. This is due to the world wide reach of the internet. Internet has opened before the organizations a new channel to make their products reach their customers, apart from the traditional way of sales helping to cut down the barriers between both the parties. The huge investment that has to be made in stores can be reduced with business taking place in a much realistic way. Entry of internet into the marketing mix has avoided the retailers or third parties between buyers and consumers making it more challenging for the existing online retailers to ensure on time logistics. Promotion: The promotion element of the marketing mix shows how marketing conversation is made within the customers and the stake holders about the company and their products (Chaffey 2003). It deals with exchanging information regarding a product or service to the target market. Burnett (1993) defines promotion as the marketing function concerned with persuasively communicating to target audiences the components of the marketing program in order to facilitate exchange. The main ingredients of promotion mix are Sales promotion Advertising Personnel selling Public relations Direct marketing The internet is nowadays being used as an effective tool for marketing communication. The internet made it available before the companies, yet another way of channel to communicate to the buyers about the product offerings. The idea of online marketing can vary the promotion mix in the following ways: Evaluating the way the internet can be used at various phases of the purchasing mode. Revising new ways of using the ingredients of the promotion mix. Applying promotional tools to serve in various phases of customer relationships like attaining visitors for the first time and retaining them as a regular visitor. While using internet as a tool for marketing, it become possible for the organization to send emails on proper authorization basis, containing information related to the products which makes it possible for the company to maintain a long term relationship with the buyers online. Online marketing and the marketing mix picture: page 267 foundations of marketing Reference used: McCarthy, J.(1960) Basic Marketing: A Managerial Approach. Irwin, Homewood, II Allen, E. and Fjermestad, J. (2001) E-commerce marketing strategies: a famework and case analysis, Logistics Information Management 14(1/2) 14-23. McCarthy, J. (1960) Basic Marketing: A Managerial Appraoch. Irwin, Homewood, II Burnett, J,(1993) Promotional Management, Houghton Mifflin, Boston Baker, W., Marn, M. and Zawada, C. (2000) Price smarter on the Net, Harvard Business Rview, February, 2-7. Chaffey, D., Mayer, R., Kevin, J. and Chadwick, F.C. (2003) Internet Marketing IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRONIC MARKETING IN BUSINESS TODAY The requirements and wants of the consumers can be better understood, by knowing more about the consumers and also analyzing ways of providing their needs. This will essentially help in convincing the consumers or buyers requirements, earlier than your opponent. The information curve of the marketers can be enhanced based on the growing information of the customers. It is highly significant to deliver the correct goods and products to the consumers with precision, in order for the consumers to be satisfied. By establishing the principle of adding value to the services of every consumers or buyers, the marketers can be warned in advance of the ineffective and expensive competitive approach which can be achieved by the usage of electronic marketing. A superior and higher conventional product status and equity of the companys manufactured goods and services can be obtained, by adding high value to the manufactured goods. A good or bad opinion of the companys adopted strategies or action s achieved, can be obtained by setting off a workers criticism system. The usage of electronic marketing or existing communication schemes can help to improve such circumstances. The usage of online marketing can be limited to the following listed business conditions. An instance of the usage of online marketing is in the Company communications, A cheap and extensive, method of communication is the E-mail. It is a easy and lasting medium. It is used to send messages to unite with people using an already listed names and addresses. It has been an ever growing means of communication within the organization. Another fearful task that has been improved by online marketing is marketing research. The approaches used by the different companies can be examined, and the discussions with the companies can be preserved for discussions over a extensive phase of time. Another business condition where online marketing can be utilized is marketing planning and sales support. It is possible for additional people to use this intermediate for advertising information. Online marketing is also used in another situation productivity innovations. The usage of the electronic medium helps the sales personnels, as it speeds up the answers to the consumers queries about the product particulars, stock levels etc. Online marketing and sales practice will be more useful to the business-to-business relations in the instant future. High confidence and prospects will be accepted by the customers since the business sections overlay the pathway. Electronic marketing can also be used in the scenario of Customer loyalty. The buying behavior of the consumers are tracked by the companies, for which in depth databases are created. Another business scenario where online marketing is utilized is globalised reach. So, international marketing can be obtained easily as internet helps to interconnect organizations. Online marketing is used for a organization to obtain competitive intelligence. It is useful for the competitors to analyze our market information using the World Wide Web, and vice-versa. Efficient cost utilization is obtained using online marketing methods. It is usually cost effective, even without including installation charges. Even with installation charges included, when contrasted with the customer advantages obtained, it is cot efficient. Controlling of partnering and logistics is easy through the use of online marketing methods. It is easy for people in organizations to connect through the usage of electronic marketing resources. Internal intranets, or extranets, and agreements or associations with organizations may come under the connection medium. Corporate recruitments are another sector utilizing online marketing resources. Workers, advisors, government papers, specialty trades or common contractors can be traced using the above mentioned method. [REEDY, J. SCHULLO, S., 2004] ONLINE MARKETING vs TRADITIONAL MARKETING The earlier forms of promotion can classified under traditional marketing. The various methods are radio, billboards, TV and posters. The other methods such as email marketing, banner promotions, all come under the online marketing. Difference lies in the purpose it is used for. Traditional marketing expands the market of the manufactured goods and services, which is an important aspect for the existence of the organization. The customers have the opportunity to react to the promotion, as online marketing is a way of direct marketing. In this method, the customers can react, which helps in raising ROI. Measurability is an additional aspect that distinguishes both forms of marketing. It is easy to trace the clients with the use of tools in online marketing, whereas traditional marketing has several problems, one being dependent on human memory. The SMEs also utilize the online marketing due to the huge ROI obtained from it. It is possible for them to change their operations, by calculating the start of their leads. [http://www.sabest.biz/blog/2010/03/online-marketing-vs-traditional-marketing.html] FUTURE OF ONLINE ELECTRONIC MARKETING RESOURCES It is possible for the e-marketer to support and develop the value chain processes of electronic commerce for each and every persons advantage, as a result of the physically powerful base of electronic marketing resources. Solid effort, a number of successes and a little failures may be engaged in this process. In order to obtain profits for all of the marketing processes, it is necessary for the e-marketer to demonstrate serious thinking talents of the tactical and planned market scheduling and also be able to employ the available methods of electronic marketing effectively. The complex methods of electronic marketing is utilized in order to create value-added services, which produce results that are unthinkable in structure, even though a variety of electronic means are available to use. On the other hand, in order to get an explanation, it is necessary to estimate the present situations. A total of four aspects or issues are given below by which the electronic marketing may be affected by or may affect, which have been obtained by considering and arranging all the sustaining and contradicting data in an order: Development of technology Growth of the existing software The accomplishments achieved by combining Internet achievements The motivating force required by the marketers to provide better service to their consumers With the help of electronic marketing, a number of advantages can be obtained which include providing a means of communication between the e-marketers and the customers of the organization, as possible in a small sized business. It is required for the e-marketer to prepare and train well, as a variety of advantages are obtained by employing electronic marketing. Business Web Sites: B2C, B2B, C2C The sites which sell or market products and services even if it is the order takers or others who are more person-oriented mainly include in Web categories which are business to business (B2B), Business to Consumer (B2C) or Consumer to Consumer (C2C). Some sells to both consumers and businesses. (Internet Marketing by Barbara G. Cox and William Koelzer). BUSINESS TO CONSUMER SITES (B2C) The sites of B2C are more familiar to the public who uses the internet. In most of the industry, they market goods and services to the consumers. There are many stores such as department; clothing, electronics, food etc have their Web sites to sell the products. These sites dont have a store like buildings. They only sell their products through the internet. But not all these sites sell through online itself, the consumer buy their products from office, local store or even by telephone. The examples of B2C sites are amazon.com (books and other related products), staples.com (office supplies) etc. The online shopping is getting higher due to the increase in computer consumption in households. BUSINESS TO BUSINESS SITES (B2B) The market of B2B is increasing in an amazing rate. On the basis of Jupiter Research, the companies around the world will hike up their expenditure on B2B. As per the aggressive estimation of Goldman Sach, the worldwide spending through B2B will reach high rates in the coming years and he assumes that 80% of B2B worldwide commerce will be held online around the next 20 years. On the basis of Active Media Research, the majority of B2B sites are created for double purpose that is to sell both the products and services directly or indirectly around 98% of sites, 73% of them gives information. The main aim of making sales of the 77% of sites is by making an offline contact with the customers. CONSUMER TO CONSUMER (C2C) Majority of the Consumer to Consumer sales occurs through auction sites. In a survey conducted by Harris Interactive where The National Consumers League was the sponsor, it was found that the bidders of online auction of 83% had purchased things in the online auction. According to the report, 75% of the buyers have pay out average of $100 or less and the 21% have payed amount between $100 and $500. So in auction sites, the sellers will post their things to sell and their items will be bided by the customers. And the highest of those customers bids wins the thing which is for sale believing that the bid will meet a fixed minimum amount. A small amount of commission will be taken from the sellers bank account by the auction site if each of his item get sold. The buyers wont pay anything to the site. The best example for Consumer to Consumer site is E-bay. It is the biggest Consumer to Consumer auction site. E-bay has been a great model for the auction sites which are emerging now to help the businesses conduct e-commerce. Although eBay is generally a consumer to consumer service, the simplicity of this site is a great value of study for buying or selling the products in a Business to Business auction site by any business planning. In eBay, and many other auction sites the users will register and if they are planning to sell anything on the site, they can set up a way of payment, usually financial account or credit card that makes the funds transfer. The buyers will be able to analyse what they are looking for by entering the key words of any particular product in the search engine and the site will display products list for sale. The sellers will make the payment for listing and selling their products. Insertion fees will be charged by eBay generally around 25 cents and $2.00 wh ich will rely upon the opening bid, and a fee will be charged at the end of the auction which will be between 1.25 percent to 5 percent of the final selling price. The enhancements like featured placement or bold font will also be charged as an extra fees (Internet Marketing by Barbara G. Cox and William Koelzer). Benefits of Online Marketing [http://www.wisdomportal.com/Books/OnlineMarketing.html] [http://marketing.about.com/od/internetmarketingstrategy/a/marketingonline.htm] Benefits gained by the Consumers:ÂÂ   (1) Appropriate- customers can buy anything on their will for 24 hours without communication with the store physically. 2) Cooperative Instant-the buyers can get the information of the products they are interested in, from the sellers site and then download those instantaneously. Benefits gained by the Marketers:ÂÂ   (1) Increasing the relationship between the customers- The organizations can communicate with the customers to have a detailed knowledge about their needs and hence building customer databases. (2) Reduction in the costs and enhancing efficiency- Avoid the costs involved in building a store, amount for rents, insurance and amenities. Digital catalogs are way lesser than the printing paper catalogs. (3) Improved flexibility- For a paper catalog, its products and values are constant till the next printing takes place whereas an online catalog can be modified on a daily basis or also hourly, considering the products ease of use, its amount, and advertisings, to get along with the fluctuating market conditions. (4) Access to Global Markets- The Internet is an accepted medium by the whole world, which helps the consumers and sellers to be linked within any countries in mere seconds. Four Methods to Exhibit Online Marketing:ÂÂ   (1) Building an Electronic Storefront- Companies can be allotted an area by the online service or can create a new Website on their own wish. These sites help in creating a communication between the customers which helps them to be more close to a purchase. (2) Introducing Ads Online- Companies can create ads online in three methods: (a) First one being, the classified ads in the significant areas of high class online services. (b) Ads displayed in Internet news which are meant for commercial usage. (c) Purchase the online ads that come up while browsing the net like the pop- up windows. (3) Taking part in meetings, newsgroups, or communities posted by the web which are interesting for certain groups. (4) Usage of Online E-mail or Webcasting- Companies can provide newsletters provided by the customers, or advertising options depending on the history of the customers who are purchasing. Through Webcasting, matters relating the customers interest can be delivered. ONLINE MARKETING [http://www.yourdictionary.com/dictionary-articles/define-online-marketing.html ] Marketing online delivers the message of spreading marketing budget for a majority of companies. Online marketing produces many more advantageous solutions when compared to out-dated and offline marketing. In other words this can be termed as Internet marketing or web marketing. This method is adopted by those companies where goods are sold to the customers directly including those who are involved in a business to business model. Benefits of Online marketing Modifications on the fly: When compared to offline marketing, online marketing can place olden advertisements in newspapers or on TV and this can be modified on the fly. By following up with the advertisements, it is possible to make any no. of changes to the graphics or letterings which would not create any issues. But this cannot be done in the traditional method of marketing and advertising. Ability to track real-time results: While marketing online, tracking of real- time results is possible by the use of online analytics so that it is possible to know whether the marketing is carrying out. Certain methods exist to track the traditional methods, but many at times cannot be done in real- time. This can either create a good will or a bad one to the campaign. Focusing demographics in the advertising: With marketing online, particular demographics such as age, gender and location can be given importance. It is also possible to focus on the variations in income and education. This can be done in traditional marketing also but it is not an easy job. Various methods in marketing online: There exists variety of ways to exhibit online marketing like the email social media and newsletters. To do the same in traditional marketing, many media sources need to be available. Immediate ability to convert: While marketing online, it is capable of converting a buyer immediately. But this cannot be done in traditional marketing. When marketing online, it is not only capable of achieving the information of a customer, but also able to achieve the sale on the spot, while in offline marketing this procedure takes a much longer time. The most focused areas in the online marketing are: [http://www.yourdictionary.com/dictionary-articles/define-online-marketing.html] Associate Marketing: In this kind of marketing, the organization appoints an associate to improve and enhance their products. The associate in turn receives a commission or similar grants for each and every sale. Amazon.com Associates Central is an example that can be provided for anassociate marketing program, where the Amazon.com helps the owners of the website to bring in crowd to its site. Exhibit Advertising: In this type, they usually use the web banners on a third-party website to create traffic to their own website and enhance the awareness of the product. Email Marketing: Businesses that makes use of this type of marketing create promotional emails to impress the customers. But, it is a very tough job to differentiate the spam and the original email. Interactive Advertising: This sort of advertising makes use of animations and various other graphic involved methods, to produce ads which makes the viewers excited and involves their participation. Search Engine Marketing: Certain techniques that are used under this are- Search Engine Optimization (SEO), and paid inclusion. The companies adopting these techniques become prominent in the search engine page results from Google. Viral Marketing: With this kind of marketing, businesses expect the people to convey the informations achieved about the products. Those sites which allow the viewers to email hilarious clips is an example of viral marketing.

Massachusetts Legislature Votes to Ban Same-Sex Marriages but Approves

Massachusetts Legislature Votes to Ban Same-Sex Marriages but Approves of Civil Unions As supporters and opponents were anxiously awaiting for a decision on Mar. 29, the Massachusetts legislature voted 105-92 to ban gay marriage when it approved of amending the state constitution that would overturn the Supreme Judicial Court’s ruling that made same-sex marriages legal five months ago. However, the legislature also voted to legalize civil unions. The amendment was altered from when it was introduced this month, and now says that aside from permitting civil unions but banning gay marriage, it would clarify that gay couples who marry into civil unions would not receive any federal marriage rights and benefits. It cannot be changed again if lawmakers want it to continue onto the Nov. 2006 ballot. Gov. Mitt Romney asked the court to deter same-sex marriages until voters can make a final decision in Nov. 2006. Attorney General Thomas F. Reilly told the Boston Globe that since Gov. Romney lacked, â€Å"a valid legal basis for stay, because the SJC has ruled twice in favor of gay marriage,† he would not take Romney’s request to the state Supreme Court. It has not been decided what will happen to couples that marry between May 17 and Nov. 2006. According to the Boston Globe, a Mar. 2004 poll indicated 53 percent of Massachusetts residents opposed gay marriage while 60 percent supported civil unions. Also, 71 percent of the surveyed individuals feel voters should be able to define marriage, not the courts or the legislature. â€Å"You vote on whether or not you want things like highway taxes,† says Valerie Fein-Zachary, who sees this as a civil rights issue, not a voting issue. â€Å"It should not be determined by the popular vote of the... ...ture, making it difficult for all minorities to achieve equality. Hopefully, with all of the international progress currently taking place in Europe, some time in the near future same-sex couples will be able to have the same rights as heterosexual couples. Works Cited â€Å"Human Rights Watch: Allow Gay Marriage.† (2003, September 5). Retrieved October 20, 2003 from the World Wide Web: (http://www.gay.com/) Klein, Rick. (2004, March 30). â€Å"Vote Ties Civil Unions to Gay-Marriage Ban; Romney to Seek Stay of SJC Order.† Boston Globe. p. A1 â€Å"Rabbis To Okay Gay Marriages: It's a 'Done Deal'.† (1999, December 24). The Forward, (31), 268, 1. Reston, Maeve. Wednesday, November 19, 2003. â€Å"Victory For Gay Couples In Mass.; Same-Sex Marriages Ok'd By Highest Court.† Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Ryan-Vollmar, S. and Chuck, E. (2003, June 27). Boston Phoenix. p. 20-22.

Graduation Speech :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

The great big orange doors. The doors that we have grown so fond of during our four-year stay at Tropics High School -- the cafeteria doors. In an attempt to get to the Commons a split second faster than the person next to you, how many times have you opened those orange doors so hard and fast that you've gone BAM! and heard a response of a groan ... OW! Then in reaction to the yelp, you turn to see a boy with a freshly swollen red spot right in the middle of his forehead. "Sorry," you say with a cheesy grin and you skidaddle away as fast as you possibly can. You never see this boy ever again, except in the most random places and though you don't know his name, you'll always remember to never open the big orange door so fast and so hard ever again. As insignificant as he was in your life, he has taught you a lesson. Or how about the time at your first pep assembly when everyone around you is on their feet screaming at the top of their lungs to "Go Fight Win" and you, a timid, shy freshman, sat awkwardly not knowing what to do. Deep inside, you know you want to get up and be peppy, but a great fear of looking like a total loser prevents you from doing so. However, as you looked around and saw the spirit of the crowd, the pride in their eyes, and the energy pumping through the entire gymnasium and you thought to yourself, "What the heck!?!" Then you got up and cheered like the rest of your fellow classmates. Every person in that gym showing his or her Royal spirit influenced you to get involved. Because of that single decision, maybe later in your high school career you decided to become a cheerleader or even to help rally up the students at another pep assembly. Everything happens for a reason. And everyone that comes into your life, even the most random people who you thought were nothing more than just random people are there for a reason. They are there to serve some sort of a purpose, to teach you a lesson, or to help you figure out who you are or who you want to become. You never know who these people may be, possibly the closest person in your life or even a complete stranger, but when you lock eyes with them, you know at that very moment they will affect your life in some profound way.

More than a spoonful of sugar Essay -- Health, Natural Remedies

As a kid I don’t remember thinking about my health a lot, probably because kids count on their parents to keep them healthy. They count on their parents to feed them the right things and do all obvious things that would help them stay healthy. But in reality both kids and adults have the ability to naturally help their health wether its intentional or not. Although medicine is helpful, many natural remedies can also benefit your health such as laughter, the sense of touch, exercise and having a pet. In many ways people find laughter as just a response to something funny or just as a happy emotion. But it really does so much more for your body, health and personal well-being. The benefits of laughter exceed the emotion. â€Å"Laughter along with an active since of humor, may protect you against a heart attack according to a recent study by cardiologists at the University or Maryland†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Murry1) A study done by the University of Maryland medical center consisted of 300 people, half of them had suffered from some type of heart disease or issue and the other half had not. Each filled out a questionnaire mainly about how much the individual laughed in good, bad and normal situations. They found that the people with or without heart disease are 40% more likely not to have a heart attack if they laughed more in life and situations. (Murry1-2) Laughter has physical, mental and social benefits to your health. Some of the Physical benefits to laughter include; relieving stres s, boosting your immune system by increasing your immune cells, decreasing pain, increasing blood flow, enhances oxygen intake and it relaxes your muscles up to 45 min..(Smith1) (Puckett1) The mental and social benefits are obvious. Laughter adds zest to your life and impr... ...en those without pets. They also took less medication for high blood pressure and sleeping. (Becker 63-64) Many Physiatrists with patients that have anxiety when leaving the house or with depression prescribe a dog to help them live life again and leave the house. (Becker 63) It is amazing to realize how much pet can change a person’s life and make it so much better. And In the book â€Å"The Healing power of pets† most of the book is stories of a human and dog bond so strong that these dogs have saved these people’s lives numerous times. So although medicine is very helpful there are so many simple natural things that can keep you healthy too such as laughter, the sense of touch, exercise and having a pet. These things are amazing natural things given to us by God that benefit our health in easy extraordinary ways, so why not take advantage of these simple things?

The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner Chapters 3

I frowned. â€Å"How is that a good thing?† â€Å"Keeps him alive, doesn't it? Guess it keeps you alive, too.† I nodded. â€Å"Guess so. Did he say anything about anyone else?† I tried to think of anything strange I'd seen or felt, but Fred was one of a kind. The clowns in the al ey tonight pretending to be superheroes hadn't been doing anything the rest of us couldn't do. â€Å"He talked about Raoul,† Diego said, the corner of his mouth twisting down. â€Å"What skil does Raoul have? Super-stupidity?† Diego snorted. â€Å"Definitely that. But Riley thinks he's got some kind of magnetism – people are drawn to him, they fol ow him.† â€Å"Only the mental y chal enged.† â€Å"Yeah, Riley mentioned that. Didn't seem to be effective on the† – he broke out a decent impression of Riley's voice – â€Å" tamer kids.'† â€Å"Tame?† â€Å"I inferred that he meant people like us, who are able to think occasional y.† I didn't like being cal ed tame. It didn't sound like a good thing when you put it that way. Diego's way sounded better. â€Å"It was like there was a reason Riley needed Raoul to lead – something's coming, I think.† A weird tingle spasmed along my spine when he said that, and I sat up straighter. â€Å"Like what?† â€Å"Do you ever think about why Riley is always after us to keep a low profile?† I hesitated for half a second before answering. This wasn't the line of inquiry I would have expected from Riley's right-hand man. Almost like he was questioning what Riley had told us. Unless Diego was asking this for Riley, like a spy. Finding out what the â€Å"kids† thought of him. But it didn't feel like that. Diego's dark red eyes were open and confiding. And why would Riley care? Maybe the way the others talked about Diego wasn't based on anything real. Just gossip. I answered him truthful y. â€Å"Yeah, actual y I was just thinking about that.† â€Å"We aren't the only vampires in the world,† Diego said solemnly. â€Å"I know. Riley says stuff sometimes. But there can't be too many. I mean, wouldn't we have noticed, before?† Diego nodded. â€Å"That's what I think, too. Which is why it's pretty weird that she keeps making more of us, don't you think? â€Å" I frowned. â€Å"Huh. Because it's not like Riley actual y likes us or anything†¦.† I paused again, waiting to see if he would contradict me. He didn't. He just waited, nodding slightly in agreement, so I continued. â€Å"And she hasn't even introduced herself. You're right. I hadn't looked at it that way. Wel, I hadn't real y thought about it at al . But then, what do they want us for?† Diego raised one eyebrow. â€Å"Wanna hear what I think?† I nodded warily. But my anxiety had nothing to do with him now. â€Å"Like I said, something is coming. I think she wants protection, and she put Riley in charge of creating the front line.† I thought this through, my spine prickling again. â€Å"Why wouldn't they tel us? Shouldn't we be, like, on the lookout or something?† â€Å"That would make sense,† he agreed. We looked at each other in silence for a few long-seeming seconds. I had nothing more, and it didn't look like he did, either. Final y I grimaced and said, â€Å"I don't know if I buy it – the part about Raoul being good for anything, that is.† Diego laughed. â€Å"Hard to argue that one.† Then he glanced out the windows at the dark early morning. â€Å"Out of time. Better head back before we turn into crispies.† â€Å"Ashes, ashes, we al fal down,† I sang under my breath as I got to my feet and col ected my pile. Diego chuckled. We made one more quick stop on our way – hit the empty Target next door for big ziplocks and two backpacks. I doublebagged al my books. Water-damaged pages annoyed me. Then we mostly roof-topped it back to the water. The sky was just faintly starting to gray up in the east. We slipped into the sound right under the noses of two oblivious night watchmen by the big ferry – good thing for them I was ful or they would have been too close for my self-control – and then raced through the murky water back toward Riley's place. At first I didn't know it was a race. I was just swimming fast because the sky was getting lighter. I didn't usual y push the time like this. If I were being honest with myself, I'd pretty much turned into a huge vampire nerd. I fol owed the rules, I didn't cause trouble, I hung out with the most unpopular kid in the group, and I always got home early. But then Diego real y kicked it into gear. He got a few lengths ahead of me, turned back with a smile that said, what, can't you keep up? and then started booking it again. Wel, I wasn't taking that. I couldn't real y remember if I'd been the competitive type before – it al seemed so far away and unimportant – but maybe I was, because I responded right away to the chal enge. Diego was a good swimmer, but I was way stronger, especial y after just feeding. See ya, I mouthed as I passed him, but I wasn't sure he saw. I lost him back in the dark water, and I didn't waste time looking to see by how much I was winning. I just jetted through the sound til I hit the edge of the island where the most recent of our homes was located. The last one had been a big cabin in the middle of Snowvil e-Nowhere on the side of some mountain in the Cascades. Like the last one, this house was remote, had a big basement, and had recently deceased owners. I raced up onto the shal ow stony beach and then dug my fingers into the sandstone bluff and flew up. I heard Diego come out of the water just as I gripped the trunk of an overhanging pine and flipped myself over the cliff edge. Two things caught my attention as I landed gently on the bal s of my feet. One: it was real y light out. Two: the house was gone. Wel, not entirely gone. Some of it was stil visible, but the space the house had once occupied was empty. The roof had col apsed into ragged, angular wooden lace, charred black, sagging lower than the front door had been. The sun was rising fast. The black pine trees were showing hints of evergreen. Soon the paler tips would stand out against the dark, and at about that point I would be dead. Or really dead, or whatever. This second thirsty, superhero life would go up in a sudden burst of flames. And I could only imagine that the burst would be very, very painful. This wasn't the first time I'd seen our house destroyed – with al the fights and fires in the basements, most of them lasted only a few weeks – but it was the first time I'd come across the scene of destruction with the first faint rays of sunlight threatening. I sucked in a gasp of shock as Diego landed beside me. â€Å"Maybe burrow under the roof?† I whispered. â€Å"Would that be safe enough or – ?† â€Å"Don't freak out, Bree,† Diego said, sounding too calm. â€Å"I know a place. C'mon.† He did a very graceful backflip off the bluff edge. I didn't think the water would be enough of a filter to block the sun. But maybe we couldn't burn if we were submerged? It seemed like a real y poor plan to me. However, instead of tunneling under the burned-out hul of the wrecked house, I dove off the cliff behind him. I wasn't sure of my reasoning, which was a strange feeling. Usual y I did what I always did – fol owed the routine, did what made sense. I caught up to Diego in the water. He was racing again, but with no nonsense this time. Racing the sun. He whipped around a point on the little island and then dove deep. I was surprised he didn't hit the rocky floor of the sound, and more surprised when I could feel the blast of warmer current flowing from what I had thought was no more than an outcropping of rock. Smart of Diego to have a place like this. Sure, it wasn't going to be fun to sit in an underwater cavern al day – not breathing started to irritate after a few hours – but it was better than exploding into ashes. I should have been thinking like Diego was. Thinking about something other than blood, that is. I should have been prepared for the unexpected. Diego kept going through a narrow crevice in the rocks. It was black as ink in here. Safe. I couldn't swim anymore – the space was too tight – so I scrambled through like Diego, climbing through the twisting space. I kept waiting for him to stop, but he didn't. Suddenly I realized that we real y were going up. And then I heard Diego hit the surface. I was out a half second after he was. The cave was no more than a smal hole, a burrow about the size of a Volkswagen Beetle, though not as tal as that. A second crawl space led out the back, and I could taste the fresh air coming from that direction. I could see the shape of Diego's fingers repeated again and again in the texture of the limestone wal s. â€Å"Nice place,† I said. Diego smiled. â€Å"Better than Freaky Fred's backside.† â€Å"I can't argue with that. Um. Thanks.† â€Å"You're welcome.† We looked at each other in the dark for a minute. His face was smooth and calm. With anyone else, Kevin or Kristie or any of the others, this would have been terrifying – the constricted space, the forced closeness. The way I could smel his scent on every side of me. That could have meant a quick and painful death at any second. But Diego was so composed. Not like anyone else. â€Å"How old are you?† he asked abruptly. â€Å"Three months. I told you that.† â€Å"That's not what I meant. Um, how old were you? I guess that's the right way to ask.† I leaned away, uncomfortable, when I realized he was talking about human stuff. Nobody talked about that. Nobody wanted to think about it. But I didn't want to end the conversation, either. Just having a conversation at al was something new and different. I hesitated, and he waited with a curious expression. â€Å"I was, um, I guess fifteen. Almost sixteen. I can't remember the day†¦ was I past my birthday?† I tried to think about it, but those last hungry weeks were a big blur, and it hurt my head in a weird way to try to clear them up. I shook my head, let it go. â€Å"How about you?† â€Å"I was just past my eighteenth,† Diego said. â€Å"So close.† â€Å"Close to what?† â€Å"Getting out,† he said, but he didn't continue. There was an awkward silence for a minute, and then he changed the subject. â€Å"You've done real y wel since you got here,† he said, his eyes sweeping across my crossed arms, my folded legs. â€Å"You've survived – avoided the wrong kind of attention, kept intact.† I shrugged and then yanked my left t-shirt sleeve up to my shoulder so he could see the thin, ragged line that circled my arm. â€Å"Got this ripped off once,† I admitted. â€Å"Got it back before Jen could toast it. Riley showed me how to put it back on.† Diego smiled wryly and touched his right knee with one finger. His dark jeans covered the scar that must have been there. â€Å"It happens to everybody.† â€Å"Ouch,† I said. He nodded. â€Å"Seriously. But like I was saying before, you're a pretty decent vampire.† â€Å"Am I supposed to say thanks?† â€Å"I'm just thinking out loud, trying to make sense of things.† â€Å"What things?†

Chinese Traditional Wedding

Chinese Traditional Wedding In the different culture, there are many different customs and traditions in festival celebrations. Wedding customs are one of the most representative and symbolic customs in revealing the differences. Wedding ceremony shows not only the love of couple or two families involved, but also reflects the heritage of Chinese civilization. Ever since ancient times, the most delightful moments in one’s life come with success in marriage and birth of son. Chinese wedding decorates with one primary color is red which causes the Western culture to find out how they celebrate their wedding.In this essay, I introduce to Chinese traditional wedding ceremony such as the symbols, preparation, and procession of wedding. According to Wang (1998), he explains a man side has the opportunities to choose what kind of a woman to be his wife or mother of his children. First, a man finds a woman to marry who has never dated with anyone before. Second, a man meets woman†™s parents to engage with her. Additionally some of marriages are blind because marriage is not built up from a love but it was a family connection.Marriage is being arranged between two families: pride and groom do not know each other. Without asking from their parents, many women were forced to marry with the men they never knew before. Lastly, Wang mentions that men are looking for a â€Å"value women† which means a woman appears â€Å"docile, quiet, and sweet. † He claims that a man marries only to virgin woman in fact prefer to a woman who have never dated with anyone else beside him. In the Chinese belief, a virgin woman gives honorable to her husband’s status and can bring love and peaceful to the family after a marriage.In a Chinese legend, Chinese people believe in god of love who ties a red string to bind man and woman into a loving couple. The power of red always bring the couple together even from a great distance. The color red becomes a dominant color in the wedding ceremony: red dragon, red wedding costume, red candle†¦etc. Red is a symbol of utmost double happiness and joy. During Chinese wedding ceremony, they choose the red peonies and orchid represent love, new family, safety and peace is the characteristic of Chinese culture (Xie, 1970).Unlike the flowers use in Western weddings, traditional Chinese never used white flowers in ceremonies except funeral. In the past, a family often hires a matchmaker to go search for a matching bride and groom as their parents’ requests. Then, both families get to know each other, and consult a fortune teller to analyze that the man and woman’s birthday, name, and other information. Chinese people believe that a marriage deal can be brokered unless the fortune teller tells that couple is good matching (Mack, 2007).It is Chinese culture to believe in supernatural. Contrary to Chinese culture, American culture just set a wedding date according to time availability. Ame rican people believe that a marriage needs to build up from love; not a family relationship. Xie explains that there are many things to prepare before a wedding date for both families. The traditional marriage is not only about two people but also two families cooperate together to celebrate this wedding. Both families prepare a meeting day to discuss about wedding of their daughter or son.Then, they come together to pick an auspicious day which they believe a lucky day according to astrological signs. After this meeting, this couple considers as legally engaged through both sides of parents. This gives an opportunity for the groom’s family prepares to send the gifts called â€Å"Grand Gifts or betrothal Gifts† to display their honest and financial ability to the bride’s family. Grand Gift is a set of gift to be represented to the bride’s family by groom’s family. All gifts should in even numbers meaning a love of couple.Furthermore, red eggs would wrap in pairs to a symbol â€Å"good things in double†. Li Shi Money is the amount of money to determine by groom’s family, usually contains the number 9 such as $99 or $999. The traditional Chinese beliefs still exist till today and the next future Chinese generation with a to hope to live in happiness and peace after married. Both families are busy to prepare for their daughter and son wedding in the few months before wedding. Bride’s family would prepare dowries which consist of the gifts that the bride would bring to her husband’s home after marriage.Once a woman marries, she considers as a part of her husband’s family. The value of the dowry is used for a woman’s status in her new position as a wife and a daughter-in-law. Her responsibility is not about her family anymore but her husband’s family (Mack, 2007). At the same time, Xie also mentions that the groom’s family is busy to decorate the bridal house or room such as â€Å"double happiness† signs, red dragon and phoenix design, and red candle to represent love to the last. The wedding’s unique ritual and tradition make the ceremony meaningful and solemn.The two rituals such as â€Å"Hair dressing and Capping rituals† would be held in the bride’s and groom’s house on the morning of the wedding day. â€Å"Hair dressing† ritual takes place in the bride’s home. Bride’s parents choose a lucky woman who lives with parents-in-law, children and husband, to help the bride to make her hair in a bun which was a common style for traditional married woman when she becomes an adult and a married person. Similarly, â€Å"capping† ritual takes place in the groom’s home, and hairstyle changing is usually done by his mother (Costa, 1997).According to Mack, the traditional wedding day is â€Å"the groom would bring a sedan chair with trumpet blaring to bring his bride to his family. † Fin ally, the last step is the tea ceremony when the new couple serves tea to their parents to show their respect to them. Moreover, the gloom parents give the gift with money to their daughter-in-law and son after drinking tea because this gift would encourage them to have children as soon as possible. After this ceremony, the new couple can have their private time together.Chinese wedding is complicate and too long because there are so many steps that the bride and groom have to follow before marriage or a day of marriage. If we compare to American wedding day, American people celebrate their wedding ceremony in church with a short amount of time. American parents give more right to their daughter or son to choose the day of their marriage, location of their marriage, and pick up their wedding costume (white). White color represents purify of woman with honest and love.The Chinese traditional wedding ceremony is considered a spiritual ceremony and the display of long history and herit age of China. This research paper divides into three general focus points such as symbol, preparation, and procession. First, the symbol is about the color represents the Chinese culture and how they believe about the legend tale. Secondly, both families prepare everything for their son and daughter in the wedding day. Thirdly, the process of wedding day when the bride and groom get to meet each other and the groom brings his wife to his home with love and joy. Chinese Traditional Wedding Chinese Traditional Wedding In the different culture, there are many different customs and traditions in festival celebrations. Wedding customs are one of the most representative and symbolic customs in revealing the differences. Wedding ceremony shows not only the love of couple or two families involved, but also reflects the heritage of Chinese civilization. Ever since ancient times, the most delightful moments in one’s life come with success in marriage and birth of son. Chinese wedding decorates with one primary color is red which causes the Western culture to find out how they celebrate their wedding.In this essay, I introduce to Chinese traditional wedding ceremony such as the symbols, preparation, and procession of wedding. According to Wang (1998), he explains a man side has the opportunities to choose what kind of a woman to be his wife or mother of his children. First, a man finds a woman to marry who has never dated with anyone before. Second, a man meets woman†™s parents to engage with her. Additionally some of marriages are blind because marriage is not built up from a love but it was a family connection.Marriage is being arranged between two families: pride and groom do not know each other. Without asking from their parents, many women were forced to marry with the men they never knew before. Lastly, Wang mentions that men are looking for a â€Å"value women† which means a woman appears â€Å"docile, quiet, and sweet. † He claims that a man marries only to virgin woman in fact prefer to a woman who have never dated with anyone else beside him. In the Chinese belief, a virgin woman gives honorable to her husband’s status and can bring love and peaceful to the family after a marriage.In a Chinese legend, Chinese people believe in god of love who ties a red string to bind man and woman into a loving couple. The power of red always bring the couple together even from a great distance. The color red becomes a dominant color in the wedding ceremony: red dragon, red wedding costume, red candle†¦etc. Red is a symbol of utmost double happiness and joy. During Chinese wedding ceremony, they choose the red peonies and orchid represent love, new family, safety and peace is the characteristic of Chinese culture (Xie, 1970).Unlike the flowers use in Western weddings, traditional Chinese never used white flowers in ceremonies except funeral. In the past, a family often hires a matchmaker to go search for a matching bride and groom as their parents’ requests. Then, both families get to know each other, and consult a fortune teller to analyze that the man and woman’s birthday, name, and other information. Chinese people believe that a marriage deal can be brokered unless the fortune teller tells that couple is good matching (Mack, 2007).It is Chinese culture to believe in supernatural. Contrary to Chinese culture, American culture just set a wedding date according to time availability. Ame rican people believe that a marriage needs to build up from love; not a family relationship. Xie explains that there are many things to prepare before a wedding date for both families. The traditional marriage is not only about two people but also two families cooperate together to celebrate this wedding. Both families prepare a meeting day to discuss about wedding of their daughter or son.Then, they come together to pick an auspicious day which they believe a lucky day according to astrological signs. After this meeting, this couple considers as legally engaged through both sides of parents. This gives an opportunity for the groom’s family prepares to send the gifts called â€Å"Grand Gifts or betrothal Gifts† to display their honest and financial ability to the bride’s family. Grand Gift is a set of gift to be represented to the bride’s family by groom’s family. All gifts should in even numbers meaning a love of couple.Furthermore, red eggs would wrap in pairs to a symbol â€Å"good things in double†. Li Shi Money is the amount of money to determine by groom’s family, usually contains the number 9 such as $99 or $999. The traditional Chinese beliefs still exist till today and the next future Chinese generation with a to hope to live in happiness and peace after married. Both families are busy to prepare for their daughter and son wedding in the few months before wedding. Bride’s family would prepare dowries which consist of the gifts that the bride would bring to her husband’s home after marriage.Once a woman marries, she considers as a part of her husband’s family. The value of the dowry is used for a woman’s status in her new position as a wife and a daughter-in-law. Her responsibility is not about her family anymore but her husband’s family (Mack, 2007). At the same time, Xie also mentions that the groom’s family is busy to decorate the bridal house or room such as â€Å"double happiness† signs, red dragon and phoenix design, and red candle to represent love to the last. The wedding’s unique ritual and tradition make the ceremony meaningful and solemn.The two rituals such as â€Å"Hair dressing and Capping rituals† would be held in the bride’s and groom’s house on the morning of the wedding day. â€Å"Hair dressing† ritual takes place in the bride’s home. Bride’s parents choose a lucky woman who lives with parents-in-law, children and husband, to help the bride to make her hair in a bun which was a common style for traditional married woman when she becomes an adult and a married person. Similarly, â€Å"capping† ritual takes place in the groom’s home, and hairstyle changing is usually done by his mother (Costa, 1997).According to Mack, the traditional wedding day is â€Å"the groom would bring a sedan chair with trumpet blaring to bring his bride to his family. † Fin ally, the last step is the tea ceremony when the new couple serves tea to their parents to show their respect to them. Moreover, the gloom parents give the gift with money to their daughter-in-law and son after drinking tea because this gift would encourage them to have children as soon as possible. After this ceremony, the new couple can have their private time together.Chinese wedding is complicate and too long because there are so many steps that the bride and groom have to follow before marriage or a day of marriage. If we compare to American wedding day, American people celebrate their wedding ceremony in church with a short amount of time. American parents give more right to their daughter or son to choose the day of their marriage, location of their marriage, and pick up their wedding costume (white). White color represents purify of woman with honest and love.The Chinese traditional wedding ceremony is considered a spiritual ceremony and the display of long history and herit age of China. This research paper divides into three general focus points such as symbol, preparation, and procession. First, the symbol is about the color represents the Chinese culture and how they believe about the legend tale. Secondly, both families prepare everything for their son and daughter in the wedding day. Thirdly, the process of wedding day when the bride and groom get to meet each other and the groom brings his wife to his home with love and joy. Chinese Traditional Wedding Chinese Traditional Wedding In the different culture, there are many different customs and traditions in festival celebrations. Wedding customs are one of the most representative and symbolic customs in revealing the differences. Wedding ceremony shows not only the love of couple or two families involved, but also reflects the heritage of Chinese civilization. Ever since ancient times, the most delightful moments in one’s life come with success in marriage and birth of son. Chinese wedding decorates with one primary color is red which causes the Western culture to find out how they celebrate their wedding.In this essay, I introduce to Chinese traditional wedding ceremony such as the symbols, preparation, and procession of wedding. According to Wang (1998), he explains a man side has the opportunities to choose what kind of a woman to be his wife or mother of his children. First, a man finds a woman to marry who has never dated with anyone before. Second, a man meets woman†™s parents to engage with her. Additionally some of marriages are blind because marriage is not built up from a love but it was a family connection.Marriage is being arranged between two families: pride and groom do not know each other. Without asking from their parents, many women were forced to marry with the men they never knew before. Lastly, Wang mentions that men are looking for a â€Å"value women† which means a woman appears â€Å"docile, quiet, and sweet. † He claims that a man marries only to virgin woman in fact prefer to a woman who have never dated with anyone else beside him. In the Chinese belief, a virgin woman gives honorable to her husband’s status and can bring love and peaceful to the family after a marriage.In a Chinese legend, Chinese people believe in god of love who ties a red string to bind man and woman into a loving couple. The power of red always bring the couple together even from a great distance. The color red becomes a dominant color in the wedding ceremony: red dragon, red wedding costume, red candle†¦etc. Red is a symbol of utmost double happiness and joy. During Chinese wedding ceremony, they choose the red peonies and orchid represent love, new family, safety and peace is the characteristic of Chinese culture (Xie, 1970).Unlike the flowers use in Western weddings, traditional Chinese never used white flowers in ceremonies except funeral. In the past, a family often hires a matchmaker to go search for a matching bride and groom as their parents’ requests. Then, both families get to know each other, and consult a fortune teller to analyze that the man and woman’s birthday, name, and other information. Chinese people believe that a marriage deal can be brokered unless the fortune teller tells that couple is good matching (Mack, 2007).It is Chinese culture to believe in supernatural. Contrary to Chinese culture, American culture just set a wedding date according to time availability. Ame rican people believe that a marriage needs to build up from love; not a family relationship. Xie explains that there are many things to prepare before a wedding date for both families. The traditional marriage is not only about two people but also two families cooperate together to celebrate this wedding. Both families prepare a meeting day to discuss about wedding of their daughter or son.Then, they come together to pick an auspicious day which they believe a lucky day according to astrological signs. After this meeting, this couple considers as legally engaged through both sides of parents. This gives an opportunity for the groom’s family prepares to send the gifts called â€Å"Grand Gifts or betrothal Gifts† to display their honest and financial ability to the bride’s family. Grand Gift is a set of gift to be represented to the bride’s family by groom’s family. All gifts should in even numbers meaning a love of couple.Furthermore, red eggs would wrap in pairs to a symbol â€Å"good things in double†. Li Shi Money is the amount of money to determine by groom’s family, usually contains the number 9 such as $99 or $999. The traditional Chinese beliefs still exist till today and the next future Chinese generation with a to hope to live in happiness and peace after married. Both families are busy to prepare for their daughter and son wedding in the few months before wedding. Bride’s family would prepare dowries which consist of the gifts that the bride would bring to her husband’s home after marriage.Once a woman marries, she considers as a part of her husband’s family. The value of the dowry is used for a woman’s status in her new position as a wife and a daughter-in-law. Her responsibility is not about her family anymore but her husband’s family (Mack, 2007). At the same time, Xie also mentions that the groom’s family is busy to decorate the bridal house or room such as â€Å"double happiness† signs, red dragon and phoenix design, and red candle to represent love to the last. The wedding’s unique ritual and tradition make the ceremony meaningful and solemn.The two rituals such as â€Å"Hair dressing and Capping rituals† would be held in the bride’s and groom’s house on the morning of the wedding day. â€Å"Hair dressing† ritual takes place in the bride’s home. Bride’s parents choose a lucky woman who lives with parents-in-law, children and husband, to help the bride to make her hair in a bun which was a common style for traditional married woman when she becomes an adult and a married person. Similarly, â€Å"capping† ritual takes place in the groom’s home, and hairstyle changing is usually done by his mother (Costa, 1997).According to Mack, the traditional wedding day is â€Å"the groom would bring a sedan chair with trumpet blaring to bring his bride to his family. † Fin ally, the last step is the tea ceremony when the new couple serves tea to their parents to show their respect to them. Moreover, the gloom parents give the gift with money to their daughter-in-law and son after drinking tea because this gift would encourage them to have children as soon as possible. After this ceremony, the new couple can have their private time together.Chinese wedding is complicate and too long because there are so many steps that the bride and groom have to follow before marriage or a day of marriage. If we compare to American wedding day, American people celebrate their wedding ceremony in church with a short amount of time. American parents give more right to their daughter or son to choose the day of their marriage, location of their marriage, and pick up their wedding costume (white). White color represents purify of woman with honest and love.The Chinese traditional wedding ceremony is considered a spiritual ceremony and the display of long history and herit age of China. This research paper divides into three general focus points such as symbol, preparation, and procession. First, the symbol is about the color represents the Chinese culture and how they believe about the legend tale. Secondly, both families prepare everything for their son and daughter in the wedding day. Thirdly, the process of wedding day when the bride and groom get to meet each other and the groom brings his wife to his home with love and joy.